Green Building Design for a Modern Shopping Center in Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70716/reswara.v4i2.473Keywords:
modern shopping center, bengkayang regency, building as nature concept, sun shading, organic architectureAbstract
The rapid social, economic, and cultural development in Bengkayang Regency has accelerated the transformation toward a modern society, increasing the demand for integrated commercial and recreational facilities. This study aims to develop a design proposal for a modern shopping center located on Jalan Raya Sanggau Ledo, Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan Province, by applying green building principles and contextual architectural approaches. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, involving literature review, site analysis, and evaluation of design criteria related to modern shopping centers and sustainable architecture. The analysis focuses on environmental aspects, spatial requirements, and the integration of local cultural elements into the design concept. The results indicate that the application of green building strategies, particularly through the use of sun shading systems, effectively optimizes natural lighting and enhances energy efficiency. The proposed design adopts the concept of Building as Nature, derived from Organic Architecture principles, emphasizing harmony between the built environment and natural surroundings. The use of local and natural materials, such as wood, further strengthens the environmental and cultural responsiveness of the design. The planned shopping center occupies an area of approximately 3.000 m² and consists of four floors and a rooftop, strategically located near Rumah Ramin Bantang, a traditional Dayak house, while maintaining appropriate distance from residential zones. In conclusion, integrating green building principles with organic architectural concepts contributes to the development of a modern shopping center design that is environmentally sustainable, culturally contextual, and functionally adaptive to community needs.
References
Ali, R. A., Megahed, N. A., Shahda, M. M., & Hassan, A. M. (2023). Natural ventilation as a passive cooling strategy for multi-story buildings: Analytic vertical skycourt formations. City, Territory and Architecture, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-023-00212-6
Arianti, I., Rafani, M., Fitriani, N., Nurhidayati, E., Febrina, W., & Andiyan, A. (2024). Environmentally friendly particle board from sawdust with the addition of PP and PET plastic waste without using UF adhesive. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 12(5), 3172–3178. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2024.120504
Ayomide, A. T., Victor, A. O., Adeniyi, T. A., & Adeyemi, F. A. (2024). Expression and communication in architecture philosophy of vernacular architecture of the Yorubas in Nigeria. Frontiers of Architectural Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2024.07.015
Babos, A., Orbán, A., & Benkő, M. (2024). Innovative housing models to support shared use of space: The case study of Sonnwendviertel Ost in Vienna. City, Territory and Architecture, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-024-00242-8
Basha-Jakupi, A., Kuleta, G., & Navakazi, V. (2022). The effect of architecture design as the non-digital component to the digital industry development—Case study ‘Brick Factory’ in Prishtina, Kosovo. City, Territory and Architecture, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-022-00159-0
Biliūnas, K. (2023). The combined contextuality method as a means to research the relationship between architecture and natural elements of place. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 32(1), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.33180
Cai, Z., Zhang, W., J. Chen, & Su, P. (2025). Photovoltaic integrated shading devices in the retrofitting of existing buildings on Chinese campuses within a regional context.
Chougan, M., et al. (2024). Comparative analysis of ternary blended cement with clay and engineering brick aggregate for high-performance 3D printing. Developments in the Built Environment, 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2024.100529
Coskun, H. (2024). An ecological dilemma, novel sustainable ideas for Istanbul examining zoning regulation for green-areas and housing. City, Territory and Architecture, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-024-00244-6
Dodoo, A. (2019). Lifecycle impacts of structural frame materials for multi-storey building systems. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 1(24), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.24.1.22081
Endzelis, J., & Daukšys, M. (2018). Comparison between modular building technology and traditional construction. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.23.2.21579
Han, M., Zhao, J., Zhang, X., Shen, J., & Li, Y. (2021). The reinforcement learning method for occupant behavior in building control: A review. Energy and Built Environment, 2(2), 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.08.005
Kaihoul, A., Pitzalis, E., & Sriti, L. (2024). An exploration of climate-responsive design strategies employed by El-Miniawy Brothers in Southern Algeria. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 36(3), 32–54. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.36.3.36863
Legény, J., Špaček, R., Hubinský, T., & Benkovičová, L. (2024). A triangular architectural relation model among sustainability, beauty, and power. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 13(4), 699–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2024.02.011
Liu, P., Zhu, B., Yang, M., & De Baets, B. (2024). High-quality marine economic development in China from the perspective of green total factor productivity growth: Dynamic changes and improvement strategies. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 0(0), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2024.22018
Mlinkauskienė, A., Jankauskaitė-Jurevičienė, L., Christensen, P., Finocchiaro, L., & Lobaccaro, G. (2020). BIM integration possibilities in different study cycles of architecture study programme. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 26(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.22393
Murga, A., Long, Z., Yoo, S. J., Sumiyoshi, E., & Ito, K. (2020). Decreasing inhaled contaminant dose of a factory worker through a hybrid emergency ventilation system: Performance evaluation in worst-case scenario. Energy and Built Environment, 1(3), 319–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.04.007
Pepe, M., Tana, F. F., Palumbo, D., & Spacone, E. (2024). Building information modelling from cadastral plans and application to an Italian case study building using innovative strategies. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 36(3), 82–93. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.36.3.36077
Ramírez-Lozano, L. F., & Francel-Delgado, A. E. (2024). Internal migrations as phenomenon of social mobility and territorial experience among architecture students, University of Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia. Frontiers of Architectural Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.003
Rivera-Lutap, J. A., & Castillo, J. B. A. (2023). From power to architecture: An analysis on the identity transformation of Tagaytay people’s park in the sky through edifice complex and democratization theory. City, Territory and Architecture, 10(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-023-00217-1
Sertyesilisik, E., Yilmaz, S., & Sertyesilisik, B. (2021). Political economy of straw houses: Traditional and contemporary way of enhancing sustainability of the buildings. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 28(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.28.1.27711
Spanedda, F. (2023). Post_production. Architectural design and the landscape of de-industrialisation. City, Territory and Architecture, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-023-00199-0
Šatrevičs, V., Voronova, I., & Bajare, D. (2021). Investigation of social opinion on green lifestyle and eco-friendly buildings. Decision making criteria. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 28(1), 56–71. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.28.1.28092
Tiwari, P., Al Azzawi, N., & Amir, L. (2023). Sustainable refugee camp design in the Dalhamyie settlement (Bekaa, Lebanon) for climate change context. City, Territory and Architecture, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-022-00184-z
Vilkauskaitė, A., & Mlinkauskienė, A. (2024). Opportunities for renovation of mid-20th century buildings in a protected environment: The example of the Writers’ Creative House in Nida. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 36(3), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.36.3.36278
Wang, L., & Huang, W. (2024). Visitors’ consistent stay behavior patterns within free-roaming scenic architectural complexes: Considering impacts of temporal, spatial, and environmental factors. Frontiers of Architectural Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2024.02.005
Xu, L., Zhang, Z., Tan, G., & Yuan, L. (2024). Research on the reuse path of the Third Front construction stock space in China based on value assessment. Frontiers of Architectural Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2024.07.008
Zhan, S., & Chong, A. (2021). Building occupancy and energy consumption: Case studies across building types. Energy and Built Environment, 2(2), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.08.001
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Iin Arianti, Indah Harini, Muhammad Rafani, Nurul Fitriani (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
