Determinants of Gen Z’s Preference for Illegal Streaming Platforms: Evidence from Financial, Security, Accessibility, and Social Environment

Authors

  • Suci Ananda Dewi Management, State Islamic University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia Author
  • Siti Aisyah Management, State Islamic University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia Author
  • Aqwa Naser Daulay Shariah Insurance, State Islamic University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70716/emis.v4i2.613

Keywords:

Accessibility, Financial, Generation Z, Illegal streaming, Social Environment

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing Generation Z’s preference for illegal streaming platforms by examining financial, security, accessibility, and social environment within a digital environment. A quantitative approach was applied using structured questionnaires distributed to individuals with experience in accessing illegal streaming services. The results indicate that financial, accessibility, and social environment have a positive influence on user preferences, highlighting the importance of affordability, ease of use, and strong social exposure in shaping consumption behavior. In contrast to traditional assumptions, security does not discourage usage but instead shows a positive effect, suggesting that perceived risks are increasingly normalized among users. This indicates that repeated exposure and familiarity reduce concerns over potential threats. The study concludes that the preference for illegal streaming platforms reflects a rational decision-making process based on perceived benefits rather than ethical considerations. These findings provide practical insights for service providers and policymakers to develop more competitive, accessible, and user-centered strategies to address the growing appeal of illegal streaming platforms. 

References

Ahadiat, A., Maydiantoro, A., & Kesumah, F. S. D. (2021). The theory of planned behavior and marketing ethics theory in predicting digital piracy intentions. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 18, 690–702. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.68

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Almaiah, M. A., Al-Otaibi, S., Shishakly, R., Hassan, L., Lutfi, A., Alrawad, M., Qatawneh, M., & Alghanam, O. A. (2023). Investigating the role of perceived risk, perceived security and perceived trust on smart m-banking application using SEM. Sustainability, 15(13), 9908. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139908

An, S., Lim, S. S., & Lee, H. (2020). Marriage migrants’ use of social media. Asian Journal of Communication, 30(2), 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2020.1725073

Aydın, A. E. (2025). How digital pirates cope with guilt and norms: A study on rationalization techniques. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 23(3), 367–383. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-08-2024-0112

Baltes-Flueckiger, L., Steinauer, R., Meyer, M., et al. (2025). Effects of legal access versus illegal cannabis market. Addiction, 120(10), 1982–1992. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70080

Bauer, R. A. (1960). Consumer behavior as risk taking. In R. S. Hancock (Ed.), Dynamic marketing for a changing world (pp. 389–398). American Marketing Association.

Bayraktar, F., & Tomczyk, Ł. (2021). Digital piracy among young adults. Sustainability, 13(16), 9140. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169140

Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and punishment: An economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169–217. https://doi.org/10.1086/259394

Belchior-Rocha, H., Arslan, A., & Yener, S. (2024). Ethical dilemmas of digital piracy. Social Sciences, 13(11), 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13110579

Borja, K., Rodriguez, S., & Roby, C. (2025). Streaming movies and Gen Z attitudes. Young Consumers, 26(1), 96–115. https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-04-2024-2057

Chakraborty, D., Siddiqui, M., Siddiqui, A., et al. (2023). Content consumption on OTT platforms. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 70, 103148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103148

Chalaby, J. K. (2024). The streaming industry and platform economy. Media, Culture & Society, 46(3), 552–571. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231210439

Chang, Y. H., Silalahi, A. D. K., Eunike, I. J., & Riantama, D. (2024). Trust transfer in live streaming e-commerce. Frontiers in Communication, 9, 1305409. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2024.1305409

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Colbjørnsen, T., Hui, A., & Solstad, B. (2022). Streaming pricing strategies. Journal of Media Business Studies, 19(3), 147–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2021.1949568

Cong, Z., Liu, J., & Manchanda, P. (2021). Livestreaming lifecycle demand. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2107.01629

Dabholkar, A., Kakarla, S., & Saha, D. (2021). DRM protection in streaming services. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2103.16360

Davidson Veitch, R., & Constantiou, I. (2012). Digital piracy decision-making. ICIS Proceedings. https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2012

Delos Santos, M. S. V., et al. (2022). Illegal video streaming vulnerability. ICMSIE Proceedings, 365–372. https://doi.org/10.1145/3535782.3535830

Derakhti, A., Ramírez-Rivas, C., & Ramírez-Correa, P. E. (2020). Movie streaming vs piracy. DYNA, 87(215), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n215.84541

Díaz-Marcos, L., et al. (2026). Music streaming behavior. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 13, 100927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100927

Djafarova, E., & Bowes, T. (2021). Instagram and Gen Z purchases. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102345

Doyoharjo, A., & Laksito, F. H. (2025). Illegal streaming legal analysis. Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice, 3(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijlj.v3i1.4769

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation model validity. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.

Frick, S. J., Fletcher, D., & Smith, A. C. (2023). Netflix and piracy behavior. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 209, 334–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.013

Grigoreva, E. A., et al. (2021). Generation Z consumer behavior. International Journal of Financial Research, 12(2), 164. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p164

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). PLS-SEM reporting. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Hsiao, L., & Ayers, H. (2019). Illegal streaming price effects. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.1901.00579

Hsieh, J. K., Kumar, S., & Shah, A. (2025). Empowerment and digital piracy. Journal of Global Information Management, 33(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.392909

Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509–523.

Koay, K. Y. (2023). Perceived risk and digital piracy. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 21(4), 521–532. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-02-2023-0014

Kukla-Gryz, A., Tyrowicz, J., & Krawczyk, M. (2021). Price fairness and piracy. Journal of Cultural Economics, 45(1), 105–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-020-09390-4

Lazauardi, L., & Hartono, A. (2023). Digital piracy behavior Indonesia. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 29(7), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2023/v29i71106

Lestari, E. J., & Hartono, A. (2023). Planned behavior and piracy. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 29(8), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2023/v29i81122

Li, C., & Li, Y. (2023). Risk perception meta-analysis. Sustainability, 15(5), 3939. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15053939

Liu, J., et al. (2023). Gen Z travel behavior. Journal of Travel Research, 62(5), 1140–1158. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221106394

Lubis, M. F., Aslami, N., & Tambunan, K. (2023). Pengaruh Harga, Pelayanan dan Customer Experience Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada Cafe Pascho Pematangsiantar. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 7(2), 872–882. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v7i2.3074

Malhan, A., et al. (2025). Streaming transaction cost economics. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 20(3), 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20030199

Mallick, D., et al. (2024). Digital piracy contagion model. Scientific Reports, 14, 10962. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61531-3

McKenzie, J., et al. (2019). On-demand entertainment demand. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 161, 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.03.017

Miocevic, D. (2022). Copyright enforcement response. Computers in Human Behavior, 136, 107380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107380

Miocevic, D. (2023). Deterrence and defiance piracy. Information Technology & People, 36(3), 1252–1269. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-12-2021-0937

Munsch, A. (2021). Gen Z digital marketing. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 31(1), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2020.1808812

Nasution, M. I. P., Nurbaiti, N., Nurlaila, N., Rahma, T. I. F., & Kamilah, K. (2020). Face Recognition Login Authentication for Digital Payment Solution at COVID-19 Pandemic. 2020 3rd International Conference on Computer and Informatics Engineering (IC2IE), 48–51. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC2IE50715.2020.9274654

Nasution, M. I. P., et al. (2020). Face recognition payment system. IC2IE Proceedings, 48–51. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC2IE50715.2020.9274654

Nigam, A. (2022). Online gaming and OTT Gen Z. Journal of Promotion Management, 28(4), 420–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2021.2008576

Özgün, A., & Treske, A. (2021). Streaming media public life. Rethinking Marxism, 33(2), 304–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2021.1893090

Papathanasopoulos, A., & Varoutas, D. (2024). OTT vs TV competition. Telematics and Informatics Reports, 16, 100166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2024.100166

Pasaribu, A. F., Fadhila Rahma, T. I., & Dharma, B. (2023). Pengaruh Content Marketing , Viral Marketing dan Influencer Terhadap Minat Beli Produk Skincare pada Mahasiswa. Ecobisma Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis Dan Manajemen), 10(2), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.36987/ecobi.v10i2.4432

Pulungan, N. M., et al. (2023). QRIS adoption. SALIHA Journal, 6(2), 262–280. https://doi.org/10.54396/saliha.v6i2.856

Pulungan, N. M., Fadhila Rahma, T. I., & Harahap, R. D. (2023). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penggunaan QRIS Sebagai Alat Pembayaran Keuangan Syariah di Sumatera Utara. SALIHA: Jurnal Pendidikan & Agama Islam, 6(2), 262–280. https://doi.org/10.54396/saliha.v6i2.856

Putri, P., Damayanti, S. A., Pradana, Y. A., & Zainarti, Z. (2024). Analisis Strategi Marketing Media Sosial Terhadap Minuman Kesayangan Cabang Lau Dendang Kec Percut Sei Tuan Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 2(7), 09–18. https://doi.org/10.61722/jiem.v2i7.1769

Reardon, J., et al. (2019). Intellectual property theft model. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 13(4), 509–528. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-07-2018-0093

Ridwan, N. H., et al. (2025). Gen Z purchasing behavior review. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 8(12), 2025384. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2025384

Sardanelli, D., et al. (2019). TPB movie streaming intention. Electronic Commerce Research, 19(3), 549–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-019-09346-7

Sarita, R., & Martutiningrum, D. (2025). Digital learning acceptance. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 25(4), 200–221. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2025/v25i41743

Serenko, A. (2022). Attitudes toward digital piracy. Information & Management, 59(1), 103559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103559

Shah, R., et al. (2024). IPTV infringement cyber hygiene. International Journal of Information Security, 23(3), 1913–1926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00824-0

Siagian, H., et al. (2022). Digital payment trust model. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(3), 861–874. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.2.010

Singh, P. (2024). Gen Z buying intention. Sage Open, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241263173

Singh, S., et al. (2021). Streaming addiction value theory. Expert Systems with Applications, 168, 114241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114241

Tam, K. Y., & Kwan, S. (2019). Morality and digital piracy. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 20(4), 604–628. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00545

Thangavel, P., et al. (2022). Gen Z decision style. Global Business Review, 23(3), 710–728. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919880128

Tomczyk, Ł. (2019). Youth piracy behavior. Technology in Society, 58, 101137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.05.001

Truong, T. D. (2024). Livestreaming purchase intention. International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 09(08), 2990–3008.

Vicente, P. N., & Burnay, C. D. (2024). OTT recommender systems. Journalism and Media, 5(3), 1259–1278. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030080

Wu, T., Jiang, N., & Chen, M. (2025). Streaming satisfaction intention. Acta Psychologica, 254, 104758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104758

Yue, H., et al. (2020). Social media security risk. IEEE Access, 8, 41705–41718. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2977101

Zainarti, Nurwani, Nurbaiti, Aisyah, S., & Agustina, D. (2024). Digital marketing dengan memanfaatkan social media dan e-commerce bagi komunitas UMKM wanita. Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat (JIPEMAS), 7(2), 343–362. https://doi.org/10.33474/jipemas.v7i2.20873

Zhang, M., et al. (2022). Trust in live streaming commerce. Computers in Human Behavior, 127, 107052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107052

Downloads

Published

2026-06-26

How to Cite

Dewi, S. A., Aisyah, S., & Daulay, A. N. (2026). Determinants of Gen Z’s Preference for Illegal Streaming Platforms: Evidence from Financial, Security, Accessibility, and Social Environment. Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Bisnis, 4(2), 557-577. https://doi.org/10.70716/emis.v4i2.613