Kinerja Teknologi Reverse Osmosis AROFAH dalam Pengolahan Air Permukaan sebagai Sumber Air Minumdi Daerah Bencana

Panji Mahesa  Monanov; Setijo  Bismo

doi:10.70716/reswara.v4i3.595

Authors

Panji Mahesa Monanov Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia Author
Setijo Bismo Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70716/reswara.v4i3.595

Keywords:

reverse osmosis, AROFAH drinking water, surface water, disaster-affected areas, TDS efficiency

Abstract

The provision of safe drinking water in post-disaster conditions is a critical necessity. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the basic prototype of the AROFAH Machine based on Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology, designed to treat various sources of surface water into potable water. The system consists of pre-treatment using polypropylene (PP) filters, granular activated carbon (GAC), carbon block (CTO), and a Polyamide Thin Film Composite (TFC) RO membrane. Testing was conducted using surface water at the DTK Building, lake water, and river water on the UI Depok campus, with flow restrictor variations of 400 and 550 mL/min. The results showed permeate TDS of 2–15 mg/L from feedwater TDS of 91–170 mg/L, with removal efficiency of 93–99%. The permeate flow rate remained relatively stable at 410–430 mL/min during 120 minutes of operation. All permeate samples met microbiological requirements, with E. coli and Total Coliform at 0 CFU/100 mL. The designed system requires only about 36 W of power, making it potentially suitable as a portable drinking water unit for disaster-affected areas.

References

Ahmed, M. A., Amin, S., & Mohamed, A. A. (2023). Heliyon Fouling in reverse osmosis membranes : monitoring , characterization , mitigation strategies and future directions. Heliyon, 9(4), e14908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14908

BPS. (2021). Statistik Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2021. Badan Pusat Statistik.

Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Wang, Z., Zhang, T., Wang, W., Niu, Q. J., & Sun, H. (2025). Covalent organic polymers limit interfacial polymerization for smooth reverse osmosis membrane with high and anti-fouling performance. Journal of Membrane Science, 734(April), 124488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124488

Cho, S., Jackson, C. R., & Frye, J. G. (2020). The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of Salmonella , Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp . in surface water. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13301

Ghernaout, D., Irki, S., Elboughdiri, N., & Ghernaout, B. (2023). Solar-Driven Water Treatment : New Technologies , Challenges , and Futures. 110–152. https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2023.132007

Gusnawati, G. (2023). Analisis Kualitas Air Minum Isi Ulang Dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Reverse Osmosis (RO). 8(2), 66–70.

Hoek, E. M. V, Weigand, T. M., & Edalat, A. (2022). Reverse osmosis membrane biofouling : causes , consequences and countermeasures. Npj Clean Water. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-022-00183-0

Jang, D., Kim, M., Choi, H., Im, S., & Jang, A. (2025). Chemosphere Fouling characteristics and cleaning strategies of reverse osmosis membranes at different stages in a wastewater reclamation process. Chemosphere, 377(December 2024), 144352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144352

Li, X., Lin, L., Zhang, X., Dai, R., Wu, Z., & Wang, Z. (2024). Performance and fouling characteristics in a pilot-scale reverse osmosis membrane system for microelectronic wastewater treatment. Separation and Purification Technology, 337(October 2023), 126333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126333

Matin, A., Laoui, T., Falath, W., & Farooque, M. (2021). Science of the Total Environment Fouling control in reverse osmosis for water desalination & reuse : Current practices & emerging environment-friendly technologies. Science of the Total Environment, 765, 142721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142721

Najid, N., Nepo, J., Kouzbour, S., Gourich, B., Ruiz-garcía, A., Vial, C., Stiriba, Y., & Semiat, R. (2022). Fouling control and modeling in reverse osmosis for seawater desalination : A review. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 162, 107794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107794

Nassrullah, H., Anis, S. F., Hashaikeh, R., & Hilal, N. (2020). Energy for desalination : A state-of-the-art review. 491(June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114569

Qasim, M., Badrelzaman, M., Darwish, N. N., & Darwish, N. A. (2019). Reverse osmosis desalination : A state-of-the-art review. 459(March), 59–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2019.02.008

Qrenawi, L. I., & Abuhabib, A. A. (2020). A review on sources , types , mechanisms , characteristics , impacts and control strategies of fouling in RO membrane systems. Desalination and Water Treatment, 208, 43–69. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.26448

Rifai, A., Rita, D., Hartaja, K., Sulaeman, O., & Setiadi, I. (2024). Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Pengaruh Tekanan pada Reverse Osmosis terhadap Penyisihan Kadar Ion Klorida ( Cl - ) dan Total Dissolved Solids ( TDS ) pada Pengolahan Air Payau Effect of Pressure on Reverse Osmosis to Removed Chloride Ion ( Cl - ) and Total. 25(2), 300–307. https://doi.org/10.55981/jtl.2024.705

Suhartono, J., Salsabilla, A., & Rosalina, D. (2024). Pengurangan Kandungan Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Konduktivitas dan Natural Organic Matter (NOM) pada Air Baku Bendungan Jatiluhur Menggunakan Kombinasi Membran dan Ion Exchange. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia, 8(2), 106–115.

Sumirat, N. R., & Ali, M. (2022). Rancang Bangun Alat Filtrasi Penyedia Air Siap Minum dengan Sistem Reverse Osmosis. 4(1), 36–46.

Takeuchi, K., Martinez-iniesta, A. D., & Fajardo-diaz, J. L. (2025). Results in Engineering Field evaluation of a hand-powered reverse osmosis system for sustainable water purification in off-grid rural India. Results in Engineering, 28(October), 108228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108228

Tayeh, Y. A., Alazaiza, M. Y. D., Alzghoul, T. M., & Jk, M. (2025). Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances A comprehensive review of RO membrane fouling : Mechanisms , categories , cleaning methods and pretreatment technologies. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 18(February), 100684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100684

Villegas-mendoza, E., Alvillo-rivera, J., Silva-luna, C. D., Venegas-reyes, E., & Gutierrez-macías, T. (2026). Reverse osmosis pilot plant employed for pollutants-free drinking water production from the groundwater Mezquital valley , Mexico : An alternative to solve water scarcity in Metropolitan area Iv a. 326(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2026.101786

WHO. (2022). Guidelines for drinking-water quality: Fourth edition incorporating the first and second addenda.

Zhao, Y., Gao, L., Chang, N., Hou, J., Zhang, Z., & Dong, Y. (2026). Advancing antifouling strategies for reverse osmosis membranes : Insights into fouling mechanisms and innovative fabrication approaches for membranes. Separation and Purification Technology, 390(399), 137015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137015