Relasi Manusia–Mesin dalam Sastra Indonesia Bertema Teknologi Digital

Abstract

This study examines human-machine relations in Indonesian literature with a digital technology theme, positioning technology as a relational entity that shapes meaning, conflict, and narrative structure. The aim of this study is to identify the forms of human-machine relations and explain their implications for human identity, values, and position in the context of contemporary Indonesian culture. The study uses a qualitative, descriptive-interpretive approach with literature study methods and thematic analysis of relevant literary works and academic studies. The results show that Indonesian literature represents human-machine relations in several main patterns, namely collaboration, domination, dependence, and resistance. Machines are not depicted as neutral tools, but rather as systems that influence the way human characters think, speak, and act. In some texts, digital technology and artificial intelligence act as creative partners that expand the possibilities of literary expression. However, in other texts, technology appears as a dominant force that threatens autonomy and humanity. The discussion confirms that Indonesian literature is ambivalent about digital technology. Literature acknowledges the benefits of technology but critically highlights the risks of alienation, identity crises, and shifts in human values. Thus, literature functions as a space for critical reflection that negotiates the position of humans amidst the expansion of machines and digital systems. This research confirms the contribution of literary studies in understanding the social and cultural dynamics of the digital era from a humanistic perspective.