Struktur Sosial Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam Periode 1600–1825

Metrahultikultura Metrahultikultura; Ahmad Falah

doi:10.70716/perseptif.v1i1.343

Authors

Metrahultikultura MAN 1 Boyolali, Indonesia Author
Ahmad Falah MAN 1 Boyolali, Indonesia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70716/perseptif.v1i1.343

Keywords:

Social structure, Palembang Darussalam Sultanate, social history, Islam, Malay society

Abstract

The Palembang Darussalam Sultanate was one of the most important political and cultural powers in Sumatra from the seventeenth to the early nineteenth century. This study aims to analyze the social structure of the Palembang Darussalam Sultanate during the period 1600–1825 and the roles of each social stratum in sustaining the stability of sultanate rule. The research employs a historical method with a qualitative approach, encompassing the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Data sources were obtained from historical manuscripts, colonial archives, and relevant scholarly literature. The results indicate that the social structure of the Palembang Darussalam Sultanate was divided into several main strata, namely the sultan and the royal family, nobles and customary officials, ulama (religious scholars), merchants, and common people. The sultan held the highest authority, both political and symbolic, while nobles and customary officials played roles in governmental administration. The ulama exerted significant influence in religious life and the legitimation of power, whereas merchants served as the main drivers of the sultanate’s economy through regional and international trade activities. Common people occupied the lowest stratum, functioning as farmers, fishermen, and laborers. This social structure reflects a synthesis of traditional Malay systems and strong Islamic influences in the social and political life of the sultanate.

References

Ade Tunggal, A., Halim, B., & Syawaludin, M. (2024). Sultan Abdurrahman Khalifatul Mu’minin Sayyidul Imam: Perannya terhadap Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam. Tanjak: Journal of History and Civilization, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.19109/tanjak.v4i2.23920

Andaya, B. W. (1993). To live as brothers. University of Hawai‘i Press.

Andaya, B. W. (1997). Adapting to political and economic change: Palembang in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In Political change in Southeast Asia (pp. 185–210). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25760-7_8

Arviansyah, M. R. (2021). Struktur sosial dan pemerintahan pada masa Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam. Sindang: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Kajian Sejarah, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.31540/sindang.v3i2.1195

Darmawan, C. (2023). Warisan monumental peninggalan Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam yang terakulturasi. Yonetim: Jurnal Manajemen Dakwah, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.19109/yonetim.v4i1.9145

Elake, G. L., Ferdiansyah, R., & Handoko, A. I. (2021). Kebangkitan adat di era otonomi daerah: Studi kasus Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam. Mimbar Budaya Indonesia, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.33758/MBI.V15I10.1080

Farida, F. (2009). Perekonomian Kesultanan Palembang. Lontar: Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.21009/LONTAR.061.02

Farida, I., Rochmiatun, E., & Kalsum, N. U. (2019). Peran Sungai Musi dalam perkembangan peradaban Islam di Palembang: Dari masa kesultanan sampai Hindia-Belanda. Jurnal Ushuluddin dan Studi Islam, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.30829/JUSPI.V3I1.4079

Gazali, G. (2016). Hubungan umara dan ulama dalam membentuk kehidupan sosio-religius di Aceh Darussalam masa Sultan Iskandar Muda. De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah, 16, 173–185. https://doi.org/10.30641/DEJURE.2016.V16.173-185

Iskandar, F. A., & Wasisto, J. (2020). Eksistensi perpustakaan masa Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam dalam perspektif ahli. Anuva: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, Perpustakaan, dan Informasi, 4(3), 383–393. https://doi.org/10.14710/anuva.4.3.383-393

Jumhari, J. (2024). Rakit yang terombang-ambing: Ambivalensi sikap politik dan orientasi ekonomi orang Cina di Palembang pada masa revolusi. Jurnal Antropologi Sosial, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.25077/jas.v14i1.120

Kartodirdjo, S. (1992). Pendekatan ilmu sosial dalam metodologi sejarah. Gramedia.

Komaruddin, K., & Syukri, A. (2023). Defragmentasi budaya politik aristokrat Melayu: Studi terhadap manuskrip sejarah Palembang. Perada: Jurnal Studi Islam Kawasan Melayu, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.35961/perada.v6i1.877

Mail, H. A. A. bin H. (2008). Institusi wazir, ceteria dan menteri pada abad ke-19: Struktur dan kuasa elite dalam pentadbiran di Kesultanan Melayu Brunei. Sosiohumanika, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.2121/SOSIOHUMANIKA.V1I1.329

Ricklefs, M. C. (2008). Sejarah Indonesia modern 1200–2008. Serambi.

Rochmiatun, E. (2016). Orang laut, bajak laut, dan raja laut: Dinamika kehidupan dan kekuasaan dalam naskah kontrak Sultan-sultan Palembang abad ke-18–19. Manuskripta, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.33656/MANUSKRIPTA.V6I1.75

Roswandi, Y., Napitupulu, E., & Ginting, M. (2024). Menelusuri jejak-jejak peninggalan Islam di Sumatera Utara abad ke-13 hingga ke-20 dalam perspektif sejarah dan sosial. Edukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.62383/edukasi.v2i1.1022

Rudyansjah, T. (2014). Kaomu, papara, dan walaka: Kajian struktur sosial dan ideologi kekuasaan di Kesultanan Wolio. Antropologi Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.7454/AI.V0I52.3315

Sari, F. (2015). Sistem kekerabatan sosial masyarakat dalam penggunaan gelar kebangsawanan “Yang” dan “Abang” di Kota Muntok Kepulauan Bangka (1734–1816). Jurnal Cendekia, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.36706/JC.V4I2.4782

Sholeh, K. (2016). Kafilah dagang Muslim dan peranan maritim Kerajaan Sriwijaya di Palembang pada abad VII–IX Masehi. Kalpataru: Jurnal Sejarah dan Pembelajaran Sejarah, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.31851/KALPATARU.V1I1.531

Yani, Z. (2014). Tarekat Sammaniyah di Palembang. Palembang: Penerbit Akademik.

Zaelani, M., & Fadlan, M. N. (2023). The events of Friday Ta’addud in the text of Min al-Mihnah wa al-Musibah Ta’addud al-Jumu’at bi al-Ghasibah: A historical review. Litteratura, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.15408/ltr.v2i1.30500